iOS之Scanner字符串扫描类

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注: 本文主要语法为Swift4.0

  • Scanner继承自NSObject，遵守NSCopying协议。是一个用于扫描指定字符串的抽象类
  • 可以创建Scanner时制定他的String属性，然后scanner会按照你的要求从头到尾扫描这个字符串的每个字符
  • 扫描操作从上次扫描的位置开始，并且继续往后扫描直到指定的内容出现为止（如果有的话）

1. 部分属性的相关解释

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 open var string: String { get }
 // (只读)返回当前被扫描的字符串

open var scanLocation: Int
// 当前扫描的位置，默认是从0开始的。通过设置这个属性值，可以自定义扫描的位置

open var charactersToBeSkipped: CharacterSet?
// 这个集合是用来设置我们需要跳过扫描的一个字符集合

open var caseSensitive: Bool
// 是否大小写敏感

    
public init(string: String)
// 用给定扫描字符串初始化

2. 部分方法的相关解释

2-1 以下方法的作用都是

  • 扫描该类型的字符串,并将扫描结果赋值给result
  • 判断该字符串的第一个字符(默认第一个,可根据scanLocation属性设置)是否为该类型
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open func scanInt32(_ result: UnsafeMutablePointer<Int32>?) -> Bool

@available(iOS 2.0, *)
open func scanInt(_ result: UnsafeMutablePointer<Int>?) -> Bool

open func scanInt64(_ result: UnsafeMutablePointer<Int64>?) -> Bool

@available(iOS 7.0, *)
open func scanUnsignedLongLong(_ result: UnsafeMutablePointer<UInt64>?) -> Bool

open func scanFloat(_ result: UnsafeMutablePointer<Float>?) -> Bool

open func scanDouble(_ result: UnsafeMutablePointer<Double>?) -> Bool

2-1-1 包含纯数字的字符串

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var int1: Int = 0
var int64: Int64 = 0
var int32: Int32 = 0
var float1: Float = 0.0
var double1: Double = 0.0
//判断字符串包含的类型(输出结果为true)
print(Scanner(string: "987").scanInt(&int1))
print(Scanner(string: "897").scanInt64(&int64))
print(Scanner(string: "99").scanInt32(&int32))
print(Scanner(string: "90.99").scanFloat(&float1))
print(Scanner(string: "98.09").scanDouble(&double1))
//输出扫描后的结果
int1 = 98
int64 = 897
int32 = 99
float = 90.99
double = 98.09

2-1-2 非纯数字的字符串

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var int1: Int = 0
let scanner = Scanner(string: "m998k23l")
scanner.scanLocation = 1
print(scanner.scanInt(&int1)) // true
//int1 = 998

var double1: Double = 0.0
let scanner = Scanner(string: "ms9.98k45l")
scanner.scanLocation = 1
print(scanner.scanDouble(&double1)) false
//double1 = 0.0

2-2 以下方法的作用都是

  • 扫描字符串前缀是否是”0x”或者”0X”,返回true或false
  • 将0x(0X)字符后面符合十六进制数的字符串转化成十进制数(可运用到UIColor关于十六进制数的转化)
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open func scanHexInt32(_ result: UnsafeMutablePointer<UInt32>?) -> Bool // Optionally prefixed with "0x" or "0X"

@available(iOS 2.0, *)
open func scanHexInt64(_ result: UnsafeMutablePointer<UInt64>?) -> Bool // Optionally prefixed with "0x" or "0X"

@available(iOS 2.0, *)
open func scanHexFloat(_ result: UnsafeMutablePointer<Float>?) -> Bool // Corresponding to %a or %A formatting. Requires "0x" or "0X" prefix.

@available(iOS 2.0, *)
open func scanHexDouble(_ result: UnsafeMutablePointer<Double>?) -> Bool // Corresponding to %a or %A formatting. Requires "0x" or "0X" prefix.

2-2-1 代码示例

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print(Scanner(string: "xdd").scanHexInt64(&uint64))  //false
print(Scanner(string: "0xdd").scanHexInt64(&uint64))  //true
print(uint64) //221
print(Scanner(string: "0xax").scanHexInt32(&uint32))  //true
print(uint32)  // 10
print(Scanner(string: "0X991").scanHexFloat(&float1))  //true
print(float1)  //2449.0
print(Scanner(string: "0X99").scanHexDouble(&double1))  //true
print(double1)  //153.0

2-3 从给定的字符串中找到相同的字符

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open func scanString(_ string: String, into result: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSString?>?) -> Bool

代码示例

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var sstring: NSString?
let scan = Scanner(string: "32jingki")
while !scan.isAtEnd{ // 判断是否扫描到最后
    scan.scanLocation += 1
    print(scan.scanLocation)
    scan.scanString("i", into: &sstring)
    print(sstring)
}

2-4 Scanner的其他方法

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open func scanCharacters(from set: CharacterSet, into result: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSString?>?) -> Bool
////从scan中扫描出string放入result中，如果不需要存储string，则result传NULL


open func scanUpTo(_ string: String, into result: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSString?>?) -> Bool
//从scan中扫描出string之外的数据放入result中，如果不需要存储string，则result传NULL


open func scanUpToCharacters(from set: CharacterSet, into result: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSString?>?) -> Bool
//从scan中扫描出set之外的数据放入result中，如果不需要存储string，则result传NULL

2-5 关于使用Scanner处理UIColor十六进制数值的问题

  • 可在UIColor的extension中添加扩展方法
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/** 十六进制颜色扩充
 */
convenience init?(hex : String, alpha : CGFloat = 1.0) {
    //1.判断字符串长度是否符合
    guard hex.characters.count >= 6 else {
        return nil
    }
    //2.将字符串转成大写
    var tempHex = hex.uppercased()
    //3.判断开头
    if tempHex.hasPrefix("0x") || tempHex.hasPrefix("##") || tempHex.hasPrefix("0X") {
        //去掉开头
        tempHex = tempHex.dropFirst(2)
    }
    if tempHex.hasPrefix("#") {
        tempHex = tempHex.dropFirst()
    }
    //4.分别截取RGB
    var range = NSRange(location: 0, length: 2)
    let rHex = (tempHex as NSString).substring(with: range)
    range.location = 2
    let gHex = (tempHex as NSString).substring(with: range)
    range.location = 4
    let bHex = (tempHex as NSString).substring(with: range)
    //5.将字符串转化成数字  emoji也是十六进制表示(此处也可用Float类型)
    var r : UInt32 = 0, g : UInt32 = 0, b : UInt32 = 0
    //创建扫描器,将字符串的扫描结果赋值给:r,g,b
    Scanner(string: rHex).scanHexInt32(&r)
    Scanner(string: gHex).scanHexInt32(&g)
    Scanner(string: bHex).scanHexInt32(&b)
    
    self.init(r : CGFloat(r), g : CGFloat(g), b : CGFloat(b))
}


/**RGB三原色
 */
convenience init(r : CGFloat, g : CGFloat, b : CGFloat, alpha : CGFloat = 1.0) {
    self.init(red: r / 255.0, green: g / 255.0, blue: b / 255.0, alpha: alpha)
}